Brunei

The Competition Commission of Brunei Darussalam has investigative, decision-making, and advisory functions under the Competition Order.

Section 11 prohibits agreements that have the object or effect of preventing, restricting, or distorting competition, including price-fixing and market allocation.

Vertical agreements are covered under the general prohibition but the Commission has indicated a less stringent approach to non-hard-core vertical restraints.

Section 17 prohibits conduct by undertakings with a dominant position that amounts to an abuse of that position.

The Competition Order does not include a merger control regime.

The Commission has issued leniency guidelines providing for reduced penalties for cartel participants who cooperate.

The Commission may accept commitments from undertakings to address competition concerns without making a formal infringement decision.

Financial penalties of up to 10% of turnover for the duration of the infringement. The Commission may also impose directions and interim measures.

No specific digital markets regulation. The Competition Order applies to all business activities.

AITI (telecoms and technology) exercises concurrent competition-related oversight in the ICT sector.

The Commission has investigation powers including the ability to require information and documents. Practical enforcement experience is limited.

Any person who has suffered loss or damage from a competition infringement may bring a private action for damages in the courts.

Active in ASEAN competition cooperation. Participates in ASEAN Experts Group on Competition (AEGC). Cooperation with regional competition authorities.

The Commission is in its development phase, focusing on market studies, guidelines, competition advocacy, and building enforcement capacity within the ASEAN framework.