Ecuador

The SCPM is an independent technical body with investigative, decision-making, and sanctioning powers. It also handles unfair commercial practices.

Horizontal agreements that restrict, prevent, or distort competition are prohibited, including price-fixing, market allocation, and bid-rigging.

Vertical agreements that restrict competition are prohibited, including resale price maintenance, exclusive dealing, and territorial restrictions.

Abuse of market power is prohibited, with a broader concept than traditional dominance. Covers exploitative and exclusionary conduct by firms with significant market power.

Mandatory pre-merger notification for economic concentrations exceeding prescribed thresholds. The SCPM reviews within defined timelines and may impose conditions.

The law provides for exemption from or reduction of sanctions for cooperation in cartel investigations. The programme is developing.

The SCPM may accept commitments to address competition concerns. The framework is developing alongside enforcement practice.

Fines of up to 12% of total turnover for the most serious infringements. Additional sanctions include cease and desist orders and structural remedies.

No specific digital markets regulation. The SCPM applies the market power law to digital platforms and e-commerce.

ARCOTEL (telecoms), ARCERNNR (energy), and the Superintendencia de Bancos exercise concurrent regulatory powers in their sectors.

The SCPM has investigation powers including inspections, document seizure, and compulsory information requests.

Affected parties may seek damages through the courts. Private competition litigation is uncommon but legally available.

Active in Andean Community (CAN) competition cooperation. Participates in ICN and UNCTAD programmes. Cooperation with other Latin American authorities.

Active enforcement in telecommunications, brewing, and pharmaceutical sectors. Growing merger review activity. Focus on market power abuse and unfair commercial practices.