Jordan

The Competition Directorate operates within the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Supply. The National Competition Committee reviews cases and recommends enforcement decisions.

Horizontal agreements that restrict competition are prohibited, including price-fixing, market allocation, and bid-rigging.

Vertical agreements that restrict competition are prohibited, including resale price maintenance and exclusive dealing arrangements.

Abuse of dominant position is prohibited, covering exploitative pricing, predatory conduct, and exclusionary practices.

The law contains provisions on economic concentration. Notification requirements apply to mergers that may substantially lessen competition.

No formal leniency programme has been established under the current framework.

The authority may accept corrective measures from parties, but formal settlement procedures are not well developed.

Fines for competition law violations. Imprisonment possible for certain offences. The Minister has authority to impose penalties on recommendation of the Committee.

No specific digital markets regulation. General competition rules apply to digital businesses.

The Telecommunications Regulatory Commission and the Electricity Regulatory Commission exercise sector-specific regulatory functions.

The Competition Directorate has investigation powers including document requests and inquiries. On-site inspection capabilities are limited.

Affected parties may seek damages through the courts. Private competition litigation is uncommon in practice.

Jordan cooperates with regional competition bodies and participates in UNCTAD and World Bank capacity building programmes. EU Association Agreement includes competition provisions.

Focus on market monitoring and complaint handling. Growing attention to pharmaceutical, fuel distribution, and food sector competition issues.