Nigeria

The FCCPC is the primary competition and consumer protection authority with broad investigative, enforcement, and adjudicatory powers. The Competition and Consumer Protection Tribunal hears appeals.

Section 59 prohibits agreements that prevent, restrict, or distort competition, including price-fixing, market allocation, output restriction, and bid-rigging.

Vertical agreements that restrict competition are prohibited, including resale price maintenance, exclusive dealing, and territorial restrictions.

Section 70 prohibits abuse of dominant position, covering exploitative pricing, refusal to deal, tying, and exclusionary conduct.

Mandatory pre-merger notification for transactions meeting prescribed thresholds. The FCCPC reviews mergers within defined timelines and may approve, conditionally approve, or prohibit.

The FCCPA provides for leniency, but detailed implementing guidelines are still developing. The programme is expected to become more active as enforcement matures.

The FCCPC may accept undertakings and consent agreements. Formal settlement procedures are developing alongside the authority's enforcement practice.

Fines of up to 10% of annual turnover for the preceding business year. Imprisonment of up to 3 years for individuals. Additional penalties for non-compliance with orders.

No specific digital markets regulation. The FCCPA applies to digital businesses and the FCCPC has begun examining digital platform practices.

The NCC (telecoms), NERC (electricity), and CBN (banking) exercise concurrent regulatory powers. The FCCPA provides mechanisms for cooperation between the FCCPC and sector regulators.

The FCCPC has powers to enter premises, search, seize documents, and compel testimony. Investigation powers are broad under the FCCPA.

Affected parties may bring claims before the Competition and Consumer Protection Tribunal. Private competition litigation is nascent but growing.

Active member of the African Competition Forum and ICN. Bilateral cooperation with South African and other African competition authorities. Participates in UNCTAD programmes.

Active merger review in telecoms, banking, and consumer goods. Growing investigation of cartel conduct. Consumer protection enforcement in e-commerce and financial services.