Oman

The Centre for Competition Protection and Prevention of Monopoly (CCPA) under the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Investment Promotion is the enforcement authority.

Horizontal agreements that restrict or prevent competition are prohibited, including price-fixing, market allocation, and output restriction.

Vertical agreements that restrict competition are prohibited under the general prohibitions, including exclusive dealing.

Abuse of a dominant position is prohibited, covering exploitative and exclusionary conduct.

The law provides for control of economic concentrations, but mandatory notification thresholds and procedures are not fully developed.

No formal leniency programme has been established under the current framework.

No formal settlement or commitment procedures have been adopted.

Fines of up to OMR 500,000. Imprisonment may be imposed for serious violations. Disqualification and injunctive relief are also available.

No specific digital markets regulation.

The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority and the Authority for Electricity Regulation exercise sector-specific competition functions.

The CCPA has powers to investigate complaints and gather evidence, though on-site inspection procedures are not well-publicised.

Injured parties may seek damages through the courts, but private competition enforcement is virtually non-existent.

Oman participates in GCC competition cooperation. No bilateral competition-specific cooperation agreements reported.

Very limited publicly reported enforcement. The CCPA has focused on institutional development and capacity building.