Rwanda

Moderate

Law No. 058/2021 on the Protection of Personal Data and Privacy

Authority: National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) | Enforcement: partial | Enacted: October 2021

Overview

Rwanda enacted its data protection law in 2021. The NCSA oversees data protection alongside its cybersecurity mandate. The law covers consent, data subject rights, cross-border transfers, and breach notification.

14-Topic Coverage

Data Protection Authority

Fully Addressed

NCSA oversees data protection enforcement.

Data Subject Rights

Fully Addressed

Rights to access, rectification, erasure, restriction, portability, and objection.

Cross-Border Transfer

Fully Addressed

Transfers to countries with adequate protection or with appropriate safeguards.

Breach Notification

Fully Addressed

Must notify NCSA within 48 hours. Must notify data subjects if high risk.

DPO Requirements

Partially Addressed

DPO required for certain categories of controllers.

Children's Data

Partially Addressed

Parental consent required for children. Age threshold to be defined.

Penalties & Enforcement

Fully Addressed

Fines from RWF 5 million to RWF 20 million. Criminal penalties for serious violations.

Sector-Specific Rules

Partially Addressed

BNR financial data rules, health data regulations.

AI & Automated Decisions

Not Addressed

No specific provisions.

Data Localisation

Partially Addressed

Some government and critical data may require local storage.

Significant Data Fiduciary

Not Addressed

No equivalent concept.

Government Data

Partially Addressed

Law applies to government with national security exemptions.