By - King Stubb & Kasiva on October 17, 2023
India is at a pivotal point in its energy transition, largely driven by escalating petroleum costs. The country’s dependence on imported crude oil and natural gas has rekindled concerns about energy security, prompting a revaluation of its reliance on fossil fuels. While India has made remarkable strides in harnessing solar and wind energy over the past decade, it is clear that renewable energy alone cannot satisfy India’s growing energy demands.
In the global pursuit of net-zero emissions, hydrogen emerges as a promising solution to help India reduce greenhouse gas emissions across various sectors. Green hydrogen, produced by electrolyzing water using renewable electricity, is leading the hydrogen revolution. However, the claim that India recognized the potential of green hydrogen as early as the 1970s and launched pioneering hydrogen technology programs then is not accurate.
The country’s focus on green hydrogen is more recent, with significant steps such as the National Green Hydrogen Mission being approved by the Union Cabinet only in January 2022. This mission aims to make India a leading producer and supplier of green hydrogen in the world. However, several challenges impede the route to building a thriving hydrogen economy, such as:
In response to these challenges, recent government plans, such as the establishment of a national hydrogen energy mission, demonstrate a relentless dedication to fostering the long-term growth of green hydrogen. This article aims to highlight the opportunities and challenges concerning India’s hydrogen policy in the following manner:
In India’s journey towards sustainable energy, green hydrogen emerges as a transformative solution. Unlike traditional hydrogen production, which is linked to fossil fuels and emissions, green hydrogen is carbon-neutral and holds enormous potential across sectors crucial to India’s decarbonisation objectives. This versatile clean fuel serves as a cleaner alternative to hydrogen derived from fossil fuels, also known as ‘Grey Hydrogen’ or ‘Brown Hydrogen’, significantly reducing carbon footprints in industries such as steel and cement. It also revolutionises the transportation industry.
Offering sustainable alternatives for road, aviation, and maritime travel, green hydrogen addresses environmental concerns and showcases promise as a stable energy supply, resolving the intermittency challenge of renewable sources. In essence, it becomes a driving force in India’s transition to a resilient, low-carbon future, with applications encompassing critical industries and a clear commitment to environmental sustainability. India’s Hydrogen Policy
A comprehensive policy framework and strategic initiatives, including the Green Hydrogen Mission[1], guide India’s commitment to energy independence and attaining Net Zero by 2070. The mission, which was launched in February 2022 and revised in 2023, functions as a cornerstone for promoting green hydrogen production.
The projected outcomes for 2030 reflect the mission’s ambitious yet attainable objectives[8]:
India’s hydrogen economy is growing significantly, owing to several government initiatives, bringing with it immense opportunities. For instance, the draft Inter-ministerial R&D Roadmap for Green Hydrogen Ecosystem shows that the government is prioritizing R&D to improve the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and safety of green hydrogen technologies.[9]
Some of the rising opportunities are as follows:
India’s pursuit of a sustainable hydrogen economy stands ready for revolutionary expansion. Despite challenges such as water dependence and economic barriers, the nation’s commitment is demonstrated by strategic initiatives such as the Green Hydrogen Mission and other supportive policies. It will be crucial to address technical obstacles, reduce costs, and clarify regulatory frameworks. India seeks to secure a leadership position in the global hydrogen landscape by focusing on technological innovation and holistic approaches, thereby fostering economic growth, sustainability, and energy independence.
The Green Hydrogen Mission focuses on promoting green hydrogen production, offering incentives, and facilitating its integration into India’s energy landscape.
This provision allows distribution companies to store excess renewable energy for 30 days, thereby addressing intermittency issues and assuring a stable and reliable energy supply.
The SIGHT Program functions as a supplement by incentivizing electrolyzer production, which aligns with the Green Hydrogen Policy’s goals of promoting green hydrogen production and reducing costs.
[1] https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/national-green-hydrogen-mission.
[2] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1928128.
[3] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1799067
[4] https://mnre.gov.in/img/documents/uploads/file_f-1687963916599.pdf.
[5]https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1923863#:~:text=The%20Government%20had%20notified%20Electricity,and%20green%20energy%20for%20all.
[6]https://powermin.gov.in/sites/default/files/Electricity_Renewable_Energy_Through_Green_Energy_Open_Access_Amendment_Rules_2023.pdf.
[7] https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1937584
[8] https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/national-green-hydrogen-mission.
[9] https://mnre.gov.in/img/documents/uploads/file_f-1688557917362.pdf.
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